Participants

The new dataset used in which study is part of the fresh new Get across Federal College student Wellness Questionnaire (CNSHS), an all around health questionnaire certainly scholar communities held in many Eu nations . In the current investigation five websites was in fact provided, and therefore presented the analysis within the 2005: School of Bielefeld, Germany (DE); College or university away from Southern area Denmark (DK); Catholic College regarding Lublin, Poland (PL); and you will Sofia College or university, Bulgaria (BG). The research used a self-applied multi-theme health survey, in addition to questions towards multiple health behaviours. The initial questionnaire is made german born and you will interpreted into Shine, Bulgarian and Danish from the a couple of independent translators. The 2 versions was basically opposed and their disputes fixed in discussion with native sound system active in the search people. The new questionnaire try shared with first-12 months college students during normal categories on the latest https://datingranking.net/de/buddhistische-datierung/ section of chosen courses and obtained after getting accomplished of the youngsters. No incentives was provided. The latest impulse prices (based on amounts of came back questionnaires) was indeed >95% (Bulgaria, Poland), 92% (Denmark), and you may varied (60%–100%) to possess Germany with respect to the surveyed teams (85% normally, lower effect prices inside large lecture rooms than in quicker seminars). The analysis incorporated 2651 users. Gender try forgotten getting sixty youngsters and a supplementary 189 had shed answers in certain concerns causing a final take to size away from 2402.

Procedures

A lunch volume questionnaire (9 signal parameters) reviewed application models of candy; cakes/cookies; dishes and you will timely/processed food; fruit; raw and you may cooked make and you may salads; and chicken and you may seafood (see Dining table step 1). The introductory concern “How frequently could you consume the next snacks?” asked users concerning volume of its common use of for every meal alone (ranked into a 5-point size: several times a day, each day, several times each week, 1–four times 30 days, and not). This type of 5 kinds was in fact collapsed towards one or two groups: high frequency (on a regular basis/daily) and low frequency (once or twice a week/1–four times 1 month/never). In the case of three items (cakes, dishes and fish), high frequency are identified as each day/daily/several times weekly in the place of low-frequency step one–fourfold a month/never. The newest instrument was according to pre-current dinner frequency questionnaires, modified into study and you can utilized in previous books . Both deal with and you may blogs validity of one’s software was indeed ascertained because of the grounding new questionnaire toward literary works feedback. Zero certified decide to try off legitimacy is actually did, nevertheless survey was very similar to other dinner frequency surveys that had been verified, e.g. [25, 26]. Practical question: “In which would you live throughout the school/college term-time?” assessed students’ traditions arrangements throughout the college or university terminology, that have four signed choice and one open-end reaction (alone; using my partner; using my moms and dads; having room-mates; other). This varying is recoded with the two possibilities: during the adult domestic versus other possibilities.

Informed agree and you may ethical permission

Contribution on the research was volunteer and anonymous. Pupils was indeed informed you to definitely by finishing the newest survey these were delivering their told accept to engage. They certainly were also advised which they you are going to terminate the latest participation within people part if you’re completing brand new questionnaire. This new consent so you’re able to make the study is provided by playing institutions: Bielefeld University inside the Bielefeld (Germany), the fresh new Catholic College out-of Lublin, Lublin (Poland), the School of Sofia in the Sofia (Bulgaria) plus the University out of South Denmark (Denmark).

Analytical analysis

The analysis was conducted using SPSS 17 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), with statistical significance level set at p <0.05. First, the sociodemographic characteristics of the sample were presented by country and tested for differences using chi-square test. Bivariate comparisons were tested by chi-square test. When country and sex were considered simultaneously, logistic regression with main effects of country and sex and their interaction was conducted to obtain significance tests. When the interaction was not significant, it was removed and the model was re-estimated using main effects only. Third, the effects of not living at parental home on the consumption of the food groups were assessed in logistic regression models. Each sex-country combination was recoded into a new variable yielding 8 distinct groups. The interaction between this new variable and living at parental home versus other living arrangements indicated whether the effects were homogenous or varied across countries or by sex. When interaction term was significant, stratified analysis was carried out to present the effects across the sex/country combinations.